1862: Vietnam became part of the French Empire
1890: Ho Chi Minh was born
1930: Ho Chi Minh helped to form the Indo-Chinese Communist Party
1941: Vietminh formed to counter Japanese invasion of Vietnam
1945: Japan handed Vietnam to the Vietminh; Ho Chi Minh declared the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (September); French troops arrived back in Vietnam
1946: war broke out between the French and the Vietminh
1949: Communist China came into being allowing the Vietminh to train in
China away from French attacks
1950: Truman refused to recognise the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Communist China + USSR did recognise Ho’s state
1954: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu – Giap defeated the French force based there; a ceasefire was agreed at Geneva that split Vietnam at the 17th Parallel; France withdrew her military from Vietnam; US promises aid worth $100 million to the anti-communist Diem
1955: The pro-American Ngo Dinh Diem became President of South Vietnam in October. America agreed to train Diem’s army.
1956: Diem started to arrest anyone suspected of being in the Vietminh
1957: the Vietminh started a campaign of guerrilla warfare in South Vietnam
1959: American military advisors were killed in Vietnam – the first US
casualties; the Ho Chi Minh Trail was first used
1960: the National Liberation Front (NLF) was formed in Hanoi though in the South, they were known as the Vietcong (VC)
1961: US President Kennedy pledged extra aid to South Vietnam
1962: The number of US military advisors increased from 700 to 12,000
1963: President Diem was killed in a military coup
15,000 US military advisors were in South Vietnam
1964: the Gulf of Tonkin incident; Congress passed the ‘Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution’; America bombs targets in North Vietnam; NLF attacked US air bases
1965: ‘Operation Rolling Thunder’ started; first US combat troops were sent to Vietnam in March; by the end of the year there were 200,000 US troops there; first major conventional clash between USA and NVA at Ia Drang
1966: 400,000 US troops were in Vietnam
1967: 490,000 US troops in Vietnam; Nguyen Van Thieu became President of South Vietnam
1968: Tet Offensive; demonstrations against the war started in America; My Lai massacre; peace talks began in Paris; 540,000 US troops in
Vietnam; anti-Vietnam War riots in Chicago (August)
1969: Nixon ordered the secret bombing of Cambodia; ‘Vietnamization’
started; Nixon announced the start of US troop withdrawals; Ho Chi
Minh died; 480,000 US troops in Vietnam; My Lai massacre made
public in November
1970: Four student demonstrators shot dead at Kent State University;
280,000 US troops in Vietnam; secret peace talks held in Paris; large scale anti-war demonstrations throughout USA
1971: 140,000 US troops in Vietnam; Lt. William Calley convicted of murder at My Lai and jailed
1972: Haiphong harbour mined (May); “Peace is at hand” – Dr Kissinger
1973: ceasefire signed in Paris; last US troops left Vietnam; US POW’s
released
1975: Khmer Rouge took control of Cambodia; NLF captured Saigon
1982: Vietnam Veterans Memorial unveiled in Washington DC
